There were all nondiabetic, non-smoking, healthy with hypercholesterolemia Custom Essay

Critique of Research Studies – Part 3: Due Topic 8 For Part 3 of the critique, focus only on the following segments for each article: Quantitative Qualitative Results Results Data analysis Data analysis Findings Reliability and Validity Findings Discussion Theoretical integrations Interpretation of findings Discussion Implications/recommendations Interpretation of the findings Global Issues Implications/recommendations Presentation Global Issues Researcher credibility Presentation Summary assessment Researcher credibility Summary assessment Due Date: Jan 27, 2016 23:59:59 Max Points: 100 Details: Follow the instructions provided in Critique of Research Studies instructions. When turning in the final submission, please put in the following order: Quantitative Article Critique, Qualitative Article Critique, References (should include the two articles, the text, and any other additional sources). Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment. You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin, unless otherwise directed by your instructor. If so directed, refer to the Student Success Center for directions. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin. NUR504.Critique of Research Studies Instructions_Student_1-09-14.docx Critique of Research Studies – Part 2 Helen Chesson Grand Canyon University NUR-504 January, 2016 Title: Silodosin Inhibits the Growth of Bladder Cancer Cells and Enhances the Cytotoxic Activity of Cisplatin via ELK1 Inactivation Quantitative Critique Method The methods relied in the research to establish whether dietary nitrate improves vascular function in patients with hypercholesterolemia were specific and tailored for the study. They included real-time polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription on RNA obtained and isolated from culture cells. In addition, western blotting, protein extraction, and culturing of proteins in the presence or absence of silodosin for days, were done for later analysis. Protection of Human Rights Considering that the materials used in the research were Human urothelial carcinoma cell lines that were obtained from a culture collection, it is apparent that there were no human rights violation. This is especially considering that a human sample was not used in this study. Population and Sample The samples as mentioned previously were Human urothelial carcinoma cell lines (TCCSUP, UMUC3, and 5637) that the research got from the American Type Culture Collection. In addition, the lines have been recently authenticated by GenePrint 10 system. There was no population since the study simply dealt with cells. Data collection and measurement Data was obtained and collected directly from the observable empirical results of the study. The results were collected from the systematic procedures conducted on the cells. Procedures Several procedure were used in the study to verify or refute the hypothesis. These included real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Reverse transcription (RT), Reporter gene assay, Cell proliferation, Cell migration, immunohistochemistry, Bladder tissue microarray (TMA) and finally statical analysis. Enhancement of Trustworthiness The trustworthiness of the research is high considering that the procedures and the results of the paper are clearly outlined and well referenced. Qualitative Critique Method The methods of this research were clearly intended to be systematic and methodical exploring effect of silodosin on the growth of bladder cancer cells and the enhancement of cytotoxic activity of cisplatin. Protection of Participants Rights As mentioned, this research did not involve an actual population sample of individuals and therefore no rights could have been violated. Research design and tradition The research was well designed as is apparent from the method, material, and procedures applied. This is even more important due to the fact that the Cisplatin based chemotherapy that is relied in Bladder cancer control often leads to intrinsic or extrinsic resistance. The research is therefore well suited to develop strategies for Chemosensitization. Sample and Setting The sample used in this study was the Human urothelial carcinoma cell lines that were on tined from the American Type Culture Collection. The cells were maintained in a medium of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s, fetal bovine serum streptomycin and penicillin. The culture used from the cells was a phenol red free culture with both normal and charcoal stripped FBS. Data Collection Data was collected on the results of the experiments with an emphasis on the cells response to Silodosin. Procedures The procedures used were sequential and applied to their full effect to obtain the most telling results of the experiments. The procedures are well explained with the results of each experiment outlined. Enhancement of Trustworthiness The research is trustworthy in general, from its detailed procedures and the results, an analytical and non-biased analysis of the results to the conclusion of the study. The research therefore enhances its trustworthiness very well. Title: Dietary Nitrate Improves Vascular Function in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Quantitative Critique Method The method used in this study was chosen to eliminate any bias that might result in the sample population. Therefore, it was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-bind parallel trail. The National Research Ethics Service Committee London-Strathmore, and was in compliance with the Helsinki declaration. Protection of Human Rights The subjects consented to the trial and were made aware of all the risks that might be exposed to during their participation in the study. In addition, all the participants of the study were required to provide written and informed consent before their inclusion into the study. Research Design The research design was divided into four section; the Enrollment that included assessment for eligibility and random assignment, Allocation, Follow-up and Analysis. The design of the study allowed for the development of the trial systematically for the best results. Population and Sample The respondents of the trial were recruited over two years, 2011-2013 though advertisements used in primary care facilities and a dedicated cholesterol clinic that was within the Royal London Hospital. The number of participants was 69, both male and female and their ages ranged between 18-80 years. There were all nondiabetic, non-smoking, healthy with hypercholesterolemia. Data Collection and Measurement The data was collected through various tests and measurements conducted on the participants. The measurements included exploratory endpoint measures, ultrasonography of the FMD of the brachial artery, aortic pulse wave measurements, measurement of nitric oxide–related species, blood, saliva and urine sampling, platelet flow cytometry, and oral microbiome profiling. Procedures The procedure of the trial was guided by sequence of steps that were used in the study including enrollment, allocation, follow-up, and analysis. The procedures were simply aligned to these steps such as assessment for eligibly, exclusion and random assignment for the enrollment step, the allocation to dietary nitrate or placebo for allocation, and finally the follow-up and analysis. Enhancement of Trustworthiness The trustworthiness of the research is high considering that the procedures and the results of the paper are clearly outlined and well referenced. Qualitative Critique Method The methods used in the study relied on several techniques to reduce and eliminate bias in the study including randomization, double binding, and placebo controlling the trial. Protection of participant’s rights The participant’s rights were well secured by the trials complying with the declaration of Helsinki and also being approved by the National Research Ethics Service Committee London-Stanmore. Research Design and Research Tradition The research design simply set out to have the trial occurring in a systematic and well controlled manner. As mentioned, the trial was conducted in four well defined stages with each stage being set out for its specific purpose. Sample and setting The sample population was composed of 69 people who passed the eligibility requirements of hypercholesterolemia with BMI from 18.5-40 and cholesterol concentration greater that 6.0 mmol/l. They were also supposed to be free from the use of satins or any other cholesterol lowering medication for two months or more. Data Collection The data was effectively collected with a series of tests all designed to seek out the impact of the dietary nitrates in vascular function of the participants. Procedures The procedure of the trial can be viewed to have occurred in three main stages: the primary endpoint, the secondary endpoint, and the various exploratory endpoints.

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